1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2022
  
 
( )
 :    : 100
:               
  
-
1.          
2.      ?         
-
3.            

4.           
-
5.            ? 20
2
Easy2Siksha
6.      ?            
? 20
-
7.              ?
8.     ?       
GNDU  -2022
  
 
( )
 :    : 100
:               
  
-
1.          
:     :   
                  
   ,   ,        
3
Easy2Siksha
  ,              ,
             '     
     '      ,     
   
      ,  
  ,  ,  ,
           
        
        :
1.    
        ,      - 
        :
"        ."
                   ,
         ,      
,     ,          '    
   
          ,      
  

:
          ,   
   
 
     ,        -
       ()   ,    ,  
    
2. - 
        (  
 )  
(       )          
   ,     ,       ' 
     ,       ,   ,
         ,    ,  

      '  
 ,       
:
           ,   
  '            ,  
    ,      
4
Easy2Siksha
3. - 
    '       -    ,   
   ,           
     
:
        ()     ,  
 ()   '           
   ,   -     
 
4. - 
        (     )  
  (   '    )      , 
   ,           
         ,        
 
   
        '         
       :
1.     :        
 '           -  
 
2.   :       ,   
         
 
3.    
:   -   ,  
    

4.  :           
 ,        
5.     :       
        '    
   
           ,     
  ,    1930             
   '          :
5
Easy2Siksha
1.     - 
             , 
 ,     ( ,  )    (
,  )     
:
   ,   '           
          
 
2.     
   ,      
    
 , -   ,        ,
        ,         
  
:
              ,   
       ,        
3.     
     '          
           (      
  ),     
 ,        
       
4. - '  
       -           
         ,       (
,  )    ( ,     ),
:
2008     ,           
       ,    
     
              
       , ,       
(1936),      ,  
,         
         -       
         
6
Easy2Siksha
 
 :
1.   
 ,   
2.             
 
3.            

                ,
,    -   '   ,  , -
,   -       -   
          
                
     ,           
    ,           , 
           
     '   
   :             
                  ,
               -
  ,          -    
             
2.      ?         
:   ?
      
         
       :          ,   
       ,         
       ,            
  ( )   
            .        
        ,     ,      ,
    ' 
   ,    ,    
 
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Easy2Siksha
   
            ,    ' 100  
      ,       , 
      ,               ,
,    '            , 
          ,    ₹100  
    
        
 --    :
1.   ():   ' 100     
2.  :   ₹100        80% (₹80 )
      '   
3.  :80        80% (₹64 )   
4.  :  ₹64   80%   ,   ₹51.2  
    ,               
  ₹100         .
  
          (MPC) '   ,     
             :
=11−MPC\text{Multiplier} = \frac{1}{1 - \text{MPC}}=1−MPC1
 :
 MPC = 0.8 (    80%   ),
=11−0.8=5\text{} = \frac{1}{1 - 0.8} = 5=1−0.81=5
     ₹1       ,   '   ₹5  
   
    -  '       :
         
   
;     '  .
   (   , ,   )   
         :
               
  
8
Easy2Siksha
:          1000    
 2 ,       ₹2000 (₹1000 × 2)        

              
, -       ,       ,
     
   
                :
       
    
      ,    
,        
 ,           
         .        
      -  
:       ' 100        '
  ' 50           ,    
   ,         ,     
              
     

 
 
 
     
   - 

     
  
 
, ,  -  '
   

 
-   
    
1.      (MPC):
 MPC        
      
  
9
Easy2Siksha
:     90%   ,        
   50%   
2. :
      
 ,       

    
3. :
   
      ,     
4. :
    '    ,       

       
     
     
   :
          
 ,            
  
                
:   ,          (,
, ) '           

             
    
        
    () 
 ,  
   (   )   
   ,   
  ,   -   ,         
;  -  ,       
 

                  ,
                 
,         -      
, 
               
      
10
Easy2Siksha
-
3.            

:  :         
                   
      
     ,           
      ,       
     ,
     '           '   

            ,    , ,   
    
    "  "            
      '           
                  ,
           : "      

?"  "       
 ?"   
               
     
     
;     -     
 , 
                 
         
1.   
                    
        ,    '      
    ,        ,       
      ,       ,     , 
    
:   
   
          
       '    ,          
    ,       ,  
    
             
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Easy2Siksha
2.  
                    
    ,              ,  
        ,         
:               
                
   ,           
3.     
                    
    ,           , 
  ,    ,    '  
 
:     ,          
,             ,       
        
4.  
      , ,          '
                  
  ,                
:         ,   
               
     
5.  
 
           
                 
 ,  ,            
:    -         ' 
          
6.    
,            '   
   
  ,                
,     ,             

12
Easy2Siksha
:   
          ,   
               
7.     
                   
  ,               
 ,    ,     '    
:          
     
      ,           
8.     
             
     
                 
,  ,         
:             ,   
             
9. 
               

   
       
   ,  
      
         
:              , 
               
10.    
          ,    
                 
     ,         
:   -         
                
    
11.   
           ,     
                , 
            ,     
,        
13
Easy2Siksha
:                  
           ,     
   
12.    
                
   ,              
          ,     ,  
    
:           
             

    ,            
                  
 -     ,      ,    , 
           
         

            ,  
              , 
   ,            
        ,    '     
                '
   ,        ,     ,  
     
4.           
:    -
 ,      ,      - ' 
 -           :  , , 
( ),           -    
     
 ,           
      1939         
        
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       '  :    ,   
   
                 
 
  :      
1.  
                    
          ,    
 
 ,
             
    '   ,          
    '        
2.  
   '              
            
,
          ,      ,
           ,     ,
    ,           
     
                 
              ,  
  
    -- :
1.      
          ,     
        
       
 
          ,      
       ,       
        ,        
2.  
          ,      
     
 ,   ,   
         .
3. 
,    '   .        -
                 

       ,     
   
  ,        ,   
 
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4.  
      ,      
    
  
 ,        
5. 
    ()   ,      .  ,
     ,            
      ,       
    
1.   
              
              
       
2.  
          
     
 (    )          - 
   
3.   
-    ,      
     ,   ,          
       
    
    ,      :
1. -
             
 '      ,   -   
,  ,    -  -
   
2.  
   ,          
 ,              
        ,     ,   
              
3. -   
 , ,         
,  -
        
   ,   
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,        ,   
 
4.      
       '      
     ,           ,  
   
     
              '   
     :
 :          , 
       
       
     
 ,   '      
  .
 :         ,    
     
         ,   
         
  :,       .    
   
      ,     
 
 
  :              (  
    )     


       -     
          '   , 
                  , 
 -            
 
     ,           
                  
           ,     -
        
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5.            ?
:   , ,    
         ,       
     
-    ,      ,  -       
   '  ,  
  ,      
      
  
 -     
 ,    ,      ' - 
          :
1.   
                  
   ,        ,      
 
   , , ,     :    ,  
     ,     -   
     
2.  
      
          

            
   
    
:100       
 
   100   , 
  
        
3.  
      '  
        
      
         .
:    ,           
   
4.  
    '     -    
   
     :  ,  , 
Paytm  Google Pay   
5. 
         -  
        '      
18
Easy2Siksha


: , 
6.  
        
 ,  ,  ,  
      
:            
  
         -      
 
         :
1.   
            -  

,           (       )
:       , 
    
               
2.     (  )
                
                 
    
:    ₹500 ,        ₹1,000  
          
         

3.    
                ( 
   )  ,   
      
   (      
)
: 
  ₹10,000 
 ,  
    
       
4.     
                

           '      
:  
       ,  
    
          
  
                
     
 :
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1.     
           
  
                 
       
:             -    
        
2.    
        '      
             -   
  
:        ,     

,       ,        
3.      
          ,      ,
 ,           
:               
 
         
4.         
      ,      
            
:   ,        
     
5.    
 -          ,    
      
  :      
   ,           
 ,   
  
6.      
 ,              
         :     
    ,           
  
1.   :
   
          -  
, 
          ()   
    
 
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2.    :
         ,       
  ,        
3.    :
               ,     
         
4.   :
 
              , 
           
 

     ;          

,     ,        ,  
   , 
           
     ,  ,        ,    
      
6.      ?            
?
:     
         ,          ,
                    
   
     ,           
        (  )    ( ) 
 
        
;   ,   , 
                , 
       
 
  
1.    :
       ,  ,     
             ,   
 '     
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2.  :
          ,     
             '   
        
3.   :
 ,    ,         
 ,                
4.  :
               

              
5.    :
   ,   ,         
 
               
,   '   (     )      

         ,  ,  
       
  
 ?
      ,    (   )    
, 
           ,     , 
       
          
 
   ,         
 
   
         :     
1.  
          '  
 
  :
    (    '       )  
        ,       , 
         ,      
    
 
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:        
          
       ,        ,    
 
 
   ():
             
           ,   
    
:       ,         
  ,        
 
    (CRR):
              
   CRR     ,          
    
: CRR   ,          , 
         
     (SLR):
 ,               
 (NDTL)         SLR  
         
2.  
                
          
  :
            ' 
  ,       
:             
 
  :
    -          
     
:              
 :
       ,          -
   
 
23
Easy2Siksha
   
     -     '
  :
1.  '
 :
             , 
 
     
:     ,        ,  
        
Deflation :
 (    )    ,      
         
2.   '
  ,     
        
        
   
:  ,            
  
3.   '
        ,     
   ,             
4.    '
              
  ,     
 
5.    '
     ,            
      ,         
 

        ,  ,        
   ,        '  
           ,    
           
24
Easy2Siksha
 , CRR,        
,     
  
               ,  
              
               ,   
        
-
7.              ?
:   ?
                  
   ,          ,     
   ,    
₹100   10    ,    
     8    ,    
  
         '        : -
    - 
1. -  
               ,    
               ,   
            ,    

 
-    :
    :          ,
       ,      ,  
     ,      ,   
 
 :             
     :      ,     ,
     
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2. -  
           ,     
    
          
               
 
-    :
 :,    ,      
    
  :  , ,          
 ,        ,  -19  ,
     
   ,        

 :       '   ,  
     (        ), 
   
  
      ,         
  -            ,  
  
 :
1.    :   ,     
   , 
           
     
2.    :         '   , 
      
       
 :
1.   :   ,          
                
o :   ₹10,000 ,      10%

 ,    ₹9,000     
   
  
2.     :  '        ,  
     
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o :    5%       8% ,  
        
3.   :            
          
4.     :     '    
 
       

5.  :           
                 
  ,           
    
-                  ,
 ,  -   
1.   
  (     )           
  
   :     ,      
         ,  
   

 
o :      
 ,      
 ,         
   :           
            
2.  
           
  :    '  , 
      
 ,         
    
  :       ,  
      
3. - 
              '    
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  :       
 
             
o :           
   
 :     
 ,    
     ,  -
    
      
4.   
      ,           
     ,            
           
   
 (1970)   ,            
,               
  ,       
 (2000)            
             
   
-19  (2020):         
             

        ,     
             
  ,      
 ,   '   
                 ,
         
              
 ,      -     
                   
     
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8.     ?       
:  : , ,  
   ?
                 
                
                  
 
 ,              
  
     '     :
1.  :     ,   '  
2.  :  -   ,     , 
      '    
      ,   ,    
     
   
                
 :
1.  
    ' - ()  - ()   
     -       
o :  ,          
,           ' 
  
2.    
                
       
o :  '    ,      
           
3.   
             ,  
     ,      
4.   
               
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  '              
,             
o :          
       
5.     
                :
o    (       ): 

    
        
o Deflation  (       ):   
           
 
   
                , 
        '       :
1. 
                :
 : ' ,     
 :      ' ,    GST (   )
         :
  ,     ,       
  
   ,     ,         
   
:  -19  ,          
       '    
2.  
    ,  ,     '      
  '       
  :         ,
       '  
 
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  :         
 
 
:   ,        ()  
              
3.   ()
         ,     '  
  
                   
          
:          
,          
4.    
               
         ,  ,     
:          '
   
        :   
              
   - () ,     (   
   )         
    ()   ,         
     (      )
 ,      '      
   
      
1.   :             
 ,         ,   -

2.  :             '
   ,        
3.   :        ,   
     
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Easy2Siksha
4.   :         , 
     

              
  ,    ,         
        ,     ,  
   ,               

  ,            
        
  ,          -      
          
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         